What is a Root Canal?
A tooth has multiple parts or layers. The outer portion on the tooth (the white part you can see) is the enamel, it is the strongest part of the tooth. The outer portion on the root (what is in the bone) is cementum, it is very soft. Inside the enamel and cementum is dentin. The dentin contains small tubules that reach from the enamel/cementum to the pulp. The tooth’s pulp is the innermost portion of the tooth and it supplies the blood, nerves and nutrients to the tooth. A Root Canal consists of removing the tooth’s pulp and replacing it with an inert, biocompatible material called Gutta Percha.
A Root canal can usually be completed in one or two appointments depending on the condition of the tooth. It is a relatively simple procedure resulting in little or no discomfort. The Dentist or Endodontist will numb the tooth with local anesthetic, open the tooth to expose the pulp, remove the pulp and shape the canals with small file like instruments, and then fill the canals with gutta percha. The tooth is then closed with a temporary filling to prevent reinfection from saliva. Following the root canal procedure, a tooth will need a permanent restoration. For anterior (front) teeth usually a filling is enough to give the tooth strength. For all posterior (back) teeth, a crown is necessary to prevent the tooth from breaking.
Why Do I Need a Root Canal??
A Root Canal is needed when the pulp of the tooth becomes infected or inflamed, and is unable to repair itself.
The four most common causes of an infection or inflammation of the pulp are:
- Deep cavities
- Repeat dental procedures
- A cracked or broken tooth
- Injury to the tooth (trauma)
You may need a root canal even if you are not experiencing any pain. Once a tooth is infected, the bacteria can leak out the bottom of the tooth and form an abscess. This abscess eats away at the bone holding the tooth in place. If a Root Canal is not performed the tooth will need to be extracted.
If you take good care of a Root Canaled tooth it can last a lifetime. Visit your dentist at least every six months to help you maintain a healthy mouth!
-Dr. Jennifer Gawthrop
